By Emma Farge

GENEVA U.N. human rights experts have called for major reforms of the U.S. criminal justice system to combat systemic racism, saying jailed Black women had been shackled during childbirth while male inmates were forced to work in "plantation-style" conditions.

In a report published on Thursday, three U.N.-appointed experts said they had found practices in U.S. prisons that amounted to "an affront to human dignity" in visits in April and May.

The U.S. diplomatic mission in Geneva did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

One such practice is restraining and shackling women prisoners during childbirth, the report said.

The experts "heard, first hand, unbearable direct testimonies of pregnant women shackled during labour, who due to the chaining, lost their babies", it said. Asked to give details, a U.N. rights spokesperson referred to "several" cases and confirmed they all involved Black women.

The experts also collected direct testimonies of conditions at a Louisiana prison where it said thousands of mostly Black male prisoners were "forced to labour in the fields (even picking cotton) under the watch of white 'freemen'on horseback, in conditions very similar to those of 150 years ago".

It described the stories from the so-called 'Angola' facility as "shocking" and said they amounted to "contemporary forms of slavery". It also voiced alarm at the widespread use of solitary confinement, which it said appeared to be applied disproportionately to inmates of African descent.

One Black man told the experts he had been kept in isolation for 11 years without interruption, the report said.

"Our findings point to the critical need for comprehensive reform," said one of the experts, Juan Mendez.

The commission was set up by the U.N. Human Rights Council in 2021 after the killing of George Floyd, a Black man who died after his neck was pinned to the ground by a police officer.

The report was based on testimonies from 133 individuals in five U.S. cities as well as testimonies collected from five detention centres. It contained a list of 30 recommendations for U.S. authorities, including a call for a new commission on reparations for people of African descent.

(Reporting by Emma Farge; Editing by Kevin Liffey)