Meta Platforms Inc.’s Facebook lost its fight at the European Union’s top court to topple a German antitrust decision that imposed an overhaul of the US tech firm’s business model.

The EU’s Court of Justice ruled that Germany’s Federal Cartel Office didn’t overstep its powers when it slapped the social media firm with its landmark 2019 order. The move followed a path-breaking antitrust probe that simultaneously looked into Facebook’s alleged violations of the EU’s strict data protection rules.

Tuesday’s case is viewed as a test of how far European antitrust regulators can go to make sure Silicon Valley firms don’t mishandle massive data sets gleaned from users to cement their market power.

When competition watchdogs are looking at potential abuses of market dominance by the likes of Meta, they can also point to violations of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation, the Luxembourg-based EU court ruled. In such cases antitrust agencies must cooperate with other authorities, the court added.

Meta is facing EU scrutiny on multiple fronts, being subject to national and European Commission antitrust investigations, as well as data-protection probes. In May, Meta was hit by a record €1.2 billion ($1.3 billion) EU privacy fine and given a deadline to stop shipping users’ data to the US after regulators said it failed to protect personal information from the American security services.

In Tuesday’s EU case, Meta accused the German antitrust regulator last year of unlawfully conflating data protection and antitrust law to seek an unprecedented overhaul of the firm’s business model.

Read More: Meta Hit With EU Antitrust Charges Over Marketplace Service

A German court sought the EU tribunal’s view on the scope of the bloc’s rules in the case, which constituted a novel approach by regulators to use an antitrust probe to also tackle data privacy concerns.

The company said it is “evaluating” the EU court’s decision “and will have more to say in due course.”

The EU’s GDPR, which took effect in 2018, gave data watchdogs unprecedented fining powers and also made those authorities, the main supervisor for them.

The case is: C-252/21, Meta Platforms e.a. (Conditions générales d’utilisation d’un réseau social).

--With assistance from Karin Matussek.